Bending loss is signal attenuation in fiber optic cables caused when the fiber is bent beyond its tolerance, leading to light escaping the core.
In fiber optic systems, bending loss occurs when light traveling through the fiber core leaks into the cladding or dissipates due to structural strain. It takes two main forms: macrobending, caused by visible curves or loops that exceed the minimum bend radius, and microbending, caused by microscopic distortions or pressure points. Macrobending often happens when fiber is routed around corners or confined spaces, while microbending may result from compression, temperature changes, or material inconsistencies. Both types reduce signal quality, posing risks to high-speed or long-distance fiber systems in commercial and industrial environments.
Fiber optic performance and construction standards are overseen by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).