Choosing the right coaxial cable provides optimal performance in audio, video, and data transmission setups. RG59 and RG6 are two of the most common types of coaxial cables, each designed for different applications and environments. This guide will help you distinguish between RG59 cables and RG6 cables, recognize their distinctive features, and decide which is best for your purposes.

Understanding Coaxial Cables

What Are Coaxial Cables?

Coaxial or coax cables are electrical cables designed to transmit high-frequency signals with minimal interference. They consist of a center conductor (usually copper) surrounded by a dielectric insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer plastic jacket. This construction allows coaxial cables to carry signals effectively while shielding them from external electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI).

Because of their excellent shielding capabilities and dependable signal transmission, coaxial cables are widely used in many industries. Typical applications include cable television, CCTV installations, satellite TV, and internet connections. Their robust design makes them suitable for residential and commercial installations where signal integrity and transmission quality are critical.

Understanding RG Ratings

The "RG" in each RG Cable stands for "Radio Guide," a designation from the military's use of coaxial cables. RG ratings differentiate between various coaxial cable types based on construction and electrical properties. Each RG designation, like RG59 and RG6, represents specific characteristics such as the diameter of the center conductor, the thickness of the dielectric insulation, and the type of shielding used.

Understanding these differences matters when selecting the right cable for your needs, as they directly affect the cable's performance in different frequency ranges and environments.

RG59 Coaxial Cable Overview

Characteristics and ApplicationsCharacteristics and Applications

RG59 is a thinner, more flexible coaxial cable primarily used for low-frequency applications. It features a smaller center conductor and thinner dielectric insulation than RG6, making it suitable for analog video signals and short-distance transmissions. RG59 cables typically use a single layer of braided wire for shielding, which is adequate for lower-frequency interference but less effective for high-frequency signals.

RG59 is ideal for applications where long-distance signal quality is not a primary concern, such as CCTV installations, composite video connections, and other low-frequency applications with transmission distances under 100 feet and signal frequencies below 50 MHz.v

Performance and Suitability

The use of RG59 has declined with the advent of higher-frequency digital technology. Its thinner conductor and single-layer shielding result in higher signal loss (attenuation) over longer distances and frequencies. For example, at 100 MHz, RG59 experiences a signal loss of about 3.4 dB per 100 feet, making it less suitable for modern digital applications like broadband internet or satellite TV, where signal integrity and bandwidth are critical.

However, RG59 remains viable for specific scenarios, such as analog video installations or short-run CCTV setups. Its flexibility and ease of installation make it a convenient choice where high-frequency signal transmission is unnecessary.

RG6 Coaxial Cable Overview

Characteristics and Applications

RG6 works for high-frequency, high-bandwidth applications. It features a thicker center conductor and dielectric insulation than RG59, allowing it to carry signals over longer distances with less loss. RG6 cables use dual shielding (foil and braided shielding) for superior protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI).

This construction makes RG6 cables ideal for applications requiring high-frequency signal transmissions, such as internet connections, cable television, and satellite TV. The thicker conductor and improved shielding help maintain signal quality and integrity, even over longer cable runs.

Performance and Suitability

RG6 is preferred for applications that require high-frequency signal transmission and greater bandwidth. It can handle frequencies above 50 MHz, making it suitable for satellite receivers, broadband internet, and digital cable TV. RG6 has lower signal loss rates than RG59, particularly at higher frequencies. For instance, at 100 MHz, RG6 experiences a signal loss of about 2.3 dB per 100 feet, significantly lower than RG59. This makes RG6 the preferred choice for most modern installations where signal quality and minimal interference are crucial.

Given its versatility and superior performance, RG6 is generally recommended for most current applications, including long cable runs and outdoor setups where environmental factors might affect signal quality. The enhanced shielding and construction ensure that RG6 can deliver reliable performance across various applications and environments.

Differences Between RG59 and RG6 Cables

Construction and Design Differences

The primary differences between RG59 and RG6 cables lie in their construction and design. RG59 cables have a smaller center conductor and thinner dielectric insulation, making them more flexible and easier to handle but less capable of transmitting high-frequency signals over long distances. RG6 cables have a larger center conductor and thicker dielectric insulation, enhancing their ability to carry signals with minimal loss and interference.

Shielding types also differ between the two. RG59 cables typically use a single layer of braided shielding, sufficient for low-frequency applications but less effective at higher frequencies. RG6 cables employ a combination of foil and braided shielding, providing superior protection against high- and low-frequency interference. This dual-shielding design makes RG6 more suitable for environments with higher electromagnetic interference, allowing for better signal integrity.

Application Suitability

The choice between RG59 and RG6 largely depends on the application's requirements. RG59 is best suited for low-frequency, short-distance applications, such as analog video signals and CCTV installations. It is a cost-effective and flexible solution for setups with unnecessary high-frequency signal transmission.

RG6, however, is the better choice for high-frequency, high-bandwidth applications, such as digital cable TV, satellite TV, and internet connections. Its thicker construction and superior shielding make it more capable of handling modern digital signals with minimal loss and interference. For most current installations, particularly those involving longer cable runs or environments with high EMI, RG6 is the recommended option.

Signal Loss and Interference Considerations

Signal loss, or attenuation, is critical when choosing between RG59 and RG6. Due to its thinner conductor and single-layer shielding, RG59 experiences higher signal loss over long distances and at higher frequencies, making it less suitable for applications that require strong signal quality over extended runs or at high frequencies.

RG6, with its thicker conductor and dual-shielding design, offers lower signal loss rates and better protection against interference. This makes it ideal for applications where maintaining signal quality over long distances is essential. Due to their enhanced shielding and durability, RG6 cables are also better suited for outdoor setups or environments with high levels of electromagnetic interferences.

Additional Factors to Consider When Choosing Coaxial Cables

When selecting between RG59 and RG6 coax cables, consider more than just their frequency and application capabilities. Other factors influencing your decision include jacketing, impedance, and cable length.

Jacketing

The outer jacket of a coaxial cable protects the internal components from environmental factors, physical damage, and chemical exposure. The type of jacket required depends on the installation environment.

• Plenum-Rated Jackets: These jackets are designed for air ducts or drop ceilings where fire safety is a concern. They are made from materials that produce minimal smoke and toxic fumes when burned, making them ideal for commercial buildings or environments where fire safety is critical.
• Outdoor Jackets: These jackets are engineered to withstand outdoor conditions like extreme temperatures, moisture, UV radiation, and chemical exposure. Choose RG6 or RG59 cables with outdoor-rated jackets for outdoor setups to ensure durability and long-term performance.

Impedance

Impedance measures a cable's resistance to the flow of electrical current. Coaxial cables typically have an impedance of 75 ohms, which is standard for audio and video applications, including cable television, satellite TV, and CCTV systems. This impedance level is optimized for transmitting signals with minimal loss and maximum performance.

Cable Length and Signal Loss

Cable length can significantly impact signal quality, particularly for high-frequency signals. Signal loss increases with the length of the cable, leading to degraded performance over longer distances.

• Short Runs: For installations with relatively short cable runs (under 100 feet), RG59 and RG6 cables can provide adequate performance, although RG6 is preferred for higher-frequency applications.Short Runs: For installations with relatively short cable runs (under 100 feet), RG59 and RG6 cables can provide adequate performance, although RG6 is preferred for higher-frequency applications.
• Long Runs: RG6 is generally the better choice for longer cable runs due to its thicker conductor and superior shielding, which help minimize signal loss and maintain signal quality over extended distances. If the cable run exceeds 150 feet, RG6 works best.

Making the Right Choice for Your Needs

Choosing between RG59 and RG6 coax cables depends on the specific requirements of your application. To make the best choice, consider the following:

• Frequency and Bandwidth Requirements: Determine if your application involves low-frequency (below 50 MHz) or high-frequency signals (above 50 MHz). For low-frequency applications, RG59 may suffice, but RG6 is the better option for high-frequency applications.
• Installation Environment: Consider the environment where you will install the cables. For indoor installations requiring fire safety, use plenum-rated wires. For outdoor or harsh environments, choose cables with outdoor-rated jackets.
• Signal Loss Tolerance: Evaluate the acceptable level of signal loss for your application. RG6 is recommended for maintaining high signal quality over long distances due to its lower attenuation rates.
• Cost and Budget Considerations: RG6 cables generally offer better performance but are typically more expensive than RG59 cables. Consider your application's particular requirements and budget.
• Compatibility with Existing Equipment: Ensure the chosen cable type is compatible with your existing equipment and meets the technical specifications required by your devices or systems.

How We Can Help You Make The Right Choice

The right coaxial cable allows optimal performance and reliability in audio, video, and data transmission setups. You can make a more informed choice if you know the main differences. By considering your specific requirements and ensuring high-quality signal transmission, you can choose the best coaxial cable.

Ready to choose the right coaxial cable for your project? Explore our range of RG59 and RG6 cables at Windy City Wire, where we offer high-quality solutions for all your low-voltage cabling needs. Get more information about our products by visiting our product page, or contact our team of professionals for individualized help choosing the ideal cable for your particular use.